The Scottish Clans

Motto:
Origin of Tartan:

Septs of the Clan:

Associated Names (with spelling variations):

History

There are two schools of thought regarding the origin of this name, one asserts the Gaelic origin, the gaelic for ‘little stream’ being ‘dobharach’. The other more convincing is that it comes from the French phrase ‘Du Roi’ , suggesting a Norman origin. There is also a suggestion that they traveled to Scotland with Queen Margaret in 1069.

Early records of the Duries originate from Fife in 1119 and the families reputation rose through their involvement as administrators to Princess Joan, sister of Henry III of England. Other charters from the 13th and 14th centuries originating from Fife also bear the family signatures.

The estate of Craiglus-car, near Leven was granted to them and the house built there remained in the family till the 1900s. The Durie arms can also be seen above the entrance of nearby Burntisland Castle. In 1563 this castle like so many other in Scotland was occupied by Mary, Queen of Scots, however it was part of the estates taken from the family during the reformation. The estates were sold around 1614 to Sir Alexander Gibson who later took the title Lord Durie.

Abbot George Durie (1496-1572) was the last Abbot of Dunfermline (1530-61) before the the Reformation. He was appointed an Extraordinary Lord in 1541 and became a Lord of the Articles and a member of the Governor’s ‘Secret Counsale’ in 1543 and a Lord of Council and Session, and Keeper of the Privy Seal, in 1544. He strongly supported Mary Queen of Scots and became bitterly opposed to reformations of the faith. He later fled to France with the relics of Saint Margaret which were subsequently lost. The Abbots brother who was Bishop of Galway in 1541 was a great enemy of John Knox. The animosity was understandable as the Duries’ strong Catholic beliefs would have been at odds with Knox’s teachings. The Abbots’ sons continued this; both were educated in Paris, John became a Jesuit and was implicated in a plot to depose Queen Elizabeth I and place Mary Queen of Scots on the throne in her place.

George had another son, Henry. He retained the Craigluscar estates. He was married to Margaret McBeth, a herbologist of some repute she attended the birth of many royal children and was responsible for saving the life of the young Charles I.

In later years the Durie’s had a distinguished military career to rival their ecclesiastical one, George Durie was a captain in Louis XIV’s Scots guards and his brothers fought in Flanders. After a spell without a recognised chief Lt Col. Raymond Varley Dewar Durie of Durie was recognised in 1988. His military career spanned 35 years with the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders distinguished by his actions during the Chinese civil war and Japans invasion of China.

He died in 1999 aged 93 and the chiefship passed to his son Andrew.

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Motto:
Origin of Tartan:

Septs of the Clan:

Associated Names (with spelling variations):

History

‘Dun deas’ in Gaelic means ‘south fort’. The Dundas family occupied lands on the southern shores of the Firth of Forth near Edinburgh. The family is thought to have descended from Helias, son of Hutred, a younger son of Gospatrick, Prince of Northumberland. The families of Dunbar and Moncreiff also descend from this stock.

Records from the reign of William the Lion mention Serle de Dundas, Serle and Robertus de Dundas both signed Edward I’s Ragman Roll. However Sir Hugh Dundas fought with William Wallace and Sir George Dundas was one of the eight Lairds who fought with Robert the Bruce but was killed at the battle of Duplyn.

Sir James Dundas was governor of Berwick during the reign of James VI. His son, Sir James Dundas, knighted in 1641 was a loyal subject but was opposed to the king’s interference with the Church. As a result of this he signed the National Covenant. After the restoration he took a seat on the supreme court but the position didn’t last long due to his continued support for the Covenant. Lord Arniston was awarded at this time.

William Dundas of Kincavel was descended from the Dundases of Blair. He was imprisoned for his part in the 1715 Jacobite Rebellion.

George Dundas, the eighteenth Laird fought in the Wars of the Covenant and was on the committee that tried Marquess of Montrose. The twenty-third Laird, George Dundas, was a sea captain who died in a shipwreck off Madagascar in 1792.

One of the most famous Dundas family members was Henry Dundas , Viscount Melville also known as Uncrowned King of Scotland” and “King Harry the 9th”. After a long political career which included the lifting of the highland dress proscription act and a spell as Lord Advocate he took over the post of Secretary of State in 1791. He was made a peer in 1802. His mark can been found easily in Edinburgh’s St Andrews Square where the impressive building now owned by The Royal Bank of Scotland was built as his home and the imposing statue of the viscount stands on a large column in the centre of the square.

Other notable Dundas members were Sir David Dundas who was commander-in-chief of the British army in 1809, Sir Thomas Dundas, Lord Dundas of Skea, the second Marquess who was Secretary of State for India from 1935 to 1937 and Admiral Sir Charles Dundas of Dundas who was an aide-de-camp to George V.

The present chief of the clan lives in South Africa.

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Gaelic Name: Mac Dhonnchaidh
Motto: Disce pati ( Learn to suffer)
Lands: Atholl, Lundie
Origin of Name: Gaelic Donnachadh, from donn (brown) and cath (war), brown warrior

Septs of the Clan:

Associated Names (with spelling variations):

History

The personal name Duncan can be found on Scotland’s oldest records in its Gaelic form Donnchadh. Among these records is a reference to the death in 717 of Dunchad, the eleventh Abbot of Iona. In 965 the killing of the Abbot of Dunkeld is recorded, showing his name to be Duchad.

When Duncan I took the Scottish throne, his grandfather had the blood of several relatives on his hands, having murdered the way clear for Duncan. With such ill-feeling as there must have been, Duncan would have been wise to pacify his remaining family, especially his senior cousin Thorfinn the Mighty, Earl of Orkney; his uncle, MacBeth; and the person closest to his throne, Queen Gruoch, wife of MacBeth. By 1040, however, he had been murdered and the crown belonged to MacBeth.

Fifty-four years later, despite being the son of Malcolm Canmore, Duncan II was also dead at the hands of relatives. Duncan left a son, yet the throne was grabbed by his younger half-brothers, the children of English Queen Margaret.

John Duncan was the owner of property in Berwick in 1367. The mayor of the Border port is recorded as John Duncanson, in all likelihood the former’s son.

A Clan Donnachaidh had emerged earlier in the 1300s from the Earls of Athole. The clan name came from Donnachadh Reamhar -’Fat Duncan’. It was this chief who led the clan into the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. Duncan’s great-grandson was Robert, and from these two men have descended not just the Duncans but the Robertsons also.

The predominant Duncans of the East of Scotland were the Duncans of Lundie in Forfarshire. Their extensive property included not just the barony of Lundie but also the estate of Gourdie. In 1764, George III’s physician, Sir William Duncan was created a baronet. The title was not hereditary. By 1795, Adam Duncan of Lundie had become Commander of the Fleet in the North Sea and Admiral of the Blue. With a glorious career of victories he was created Earl of Camperdown in 1797, and his son was made the first Earl of Camperdown in 1831.

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Motto: In Promptu ( In readiness)
Origin of Tartan: A Border tartan from the”Vestiarium Scoticum”

Septs of the Clan:

Associated Names (with spelling variations):

History

Born around 975, Crinan of Dunkeld was the Thane and Seneschal of the Isles. He was the father of King Duncan I, and grandfather of Gospatric. Gospatric was given the Earldom of Northumberland in 1067 by the recently arrived William the Conqueror.

In 1072 however, the Earldom was taken back from him. So Gospatric came to Scotland and was made Earl of Dunbar by King Malcolm III. The town and port of Dunbar, on the Lothian coast, has been the scene of many important events in the history of Scotland. The Dunbars were not supporters of Robert the Bruce or a Scottish crown and after the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 they sheltered the fleeing, defeated Edward II at Dunbar Castle until he could leave Scotland by sea.

It is believed that if Patrick of Dunbar had detained Edward then he would have had to recognise the Scottish crown and make peace with Bruce. Instead the two countries fought on for many more bloody years.

In 1315, Dunbar and King Robert, who were cousins, settled their differences and when the English occupied the lands of Berwick in 1337, where Dunbar was governor, he renounced any allegiance to Edward III.

Dunbar Castle was then attacked by the Earl of Salisbury. The castle was defended by Dunbar’s wife, Black Agnes, who exasperated Salisbury until, after nineteen weeks, he retired to England in failure.
He wrote of her:-

She kept a stir in tower and trench
That brawling, boisterous Scottish wench.
Came I early, came I late,
I found Agnes at the gate.

When the greedy and jealous James I ruled, the huge wealth and properties that the Dunbars had collected for over four hundred years was annexed to the crown.

The 11th Earl, Sir George Dunbar of Kilconquhar, was the last. The Dunbar house had expanded by this time to include the Earlship of Moray, which they retained. In 1990 the present claim to the chiefship was settled only after a celebrated court case which was heard first before the Lord Lyon, King of Arms, then the Supreme Court of Edinburgh, then the House of Lords.

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Gaelic Name: Drummann
Motto: Vitutem coronat honos (Honour crowns vitue)
Badge: Holly
Lands: Perthshire
Origin of Name: Placename, Drymen

Septs of the Clan:

Associated Names (with spelling variations):

History

To the west of Stirling lies the parish of Drymen. This name Drymen is derived from the Gaelic for ridge or high ground – ‘dromainn’. To this area, according to legend, came a Hungarian admiral in 1067, escorting Edgar the Aetheling and his two sisters as they fled William the Conqueror. In 1225, a descendant of the admiral known as Malcolm Beg (Little Malcolm) is recorded as being Seneschal (Chamberlain) of the Lennox and taking on the name Malcolm of Drymen.

From then till now the clan chief has been known as An Drumanach , which means The Great Man of Drymen. Also connected to Drymen are the Buchanans and the Highland Mores.

Malcolm of Drymen’s son, Malcolm of Drummond swore fealty to England’s Edward I but nonetheless fought in the Wars of Independence and was twice captured by the English.

The third Malcolm of Drummond is credited with the deployment of caltrops, iron spikes to injure horses, before the Battle of Bannockburn. Their affect on the English cavalry made the victory possible and two caltrops are displayed as part of the Drummond’s armorial bearings. Robert the Bruce rewarded the Drummonds with lands in Perthshire.

The mediaeval Stobhall became the Drummond family’s in 1345 when John Drummond married its heiress Mary de Montfichet. Their daughter Annabella became Queen of Scotland when she married Robert III.

John, 5th Chief of Cargill and Stobhall became the first Lord Drummond in 1487. One year of his life was spent in confinement within Blackness Castle after he assaulted the Lord Lyon, King of Arms.

James IV was infatuated with John’s daughter Margaret. In 1502, however she and her two sisters died under mysterious circumstances, possibly through poisoning, and James IV instead went on to marry Margaret Tudor of England.

For their support of the Stewarts through the risings of 1715 and 1745 the property and titles of the Drummonds were twice forfeited. It was not until 1853, through an Act of Parliament, that the title of Earl of Perth and other forfeited titles were restored to George Drummond, who was also in the French peerage as a Baron.

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Gaelic Name: Dubhghlas
Motto: Jamais arriere (Never behind)
Lands: Lanarkshire, Galloway, Dumfriesshire and Angus
Origin of Name: Placename, Lanark ( Black stream)

Septs of the Clan:

Associated Names (with spelling variations):

History

In Gaelic, dubh means black, and glas means grey. These are the main shades used in the tartan. The earliest recorded Douglas seems to be William of Douglas, whose name appears as a witness to charters between 1175 and 1211 around Lanarkshire, but from whom he was descended is unknown.

Regarding the origin of this immensely powerful family is the saying, ‘Men have seen the stream, but what eye ever beheld its source?’

William’s son was Archibald Douglas, who had a prosperous existence before vanishing in 1239. His son Sir Andrew founded the senior cadet branch of the Douglas family while his other son fathered ‘the Good Sir James’. The Good Sir James was the greatest Captain under Robert the Bruce in the War of Independence and is held as the third of Scotland’s finest patriots only after Bruce and William Wallace.

During these times the house of Douglas had expanded in its power and properties enormously. He was killed by the Moors of Spain in 1330 while attempting to reach the Holy Lands, where his King, Robert, had requested on his deathbed that his heart be buried.

His son was slain at the battle of Halidon Hill by the English in 1333, as was Sir Archibald. So it was Archibald’s son William who became the first Earl of Douglas in 1358, and also Earl of Mar through marriage. When he was killed at Otterburn in 1388 the second proper line of the Black Douglases had ended.

However, Sir James had also left an illegitimate son, Archibald the Grim, who took his half-brother’s place and became the 3rd Earl of Douglas. He was greatly respected and died in 1400.

His son, the 4th Earl, died fighting the English with France’s Charles VII and his young grandsons were tricked and murdered in Edinburgh Castle by family enemies.

James, the 7th Earl, was a violent man and created many enemies, to his sons’ cost. The 8th Earl was stabbed to death by King James II. Three years later the King accused the family of treason and the earldom and entire estates of the Black Douglases were decimated.

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Motto:
Origin of Name: Placename Midlothian or Gaelic ‘Deoireach’, meaning ‘pilgrim’.

Septs of the Clan:

Associated Names (with spelling variations):

History

The Dewar’s are known to have first settled in an area to the south east of Edinburgh, Legend has it that they were awarded the lands for killing a wolf who had been terrorising the area.

There is also a variation of the name that derives from the Gaelic ‘Deoireach’, meaning ‘pilgrim’. One of five Highland families who carried the name were the Dewar Coigerachs. They were traditional custodians of the staff of St Fillan, a Celtic saint who had died in AD 777. This famous holy relic was carried with the Scots army at Bannockburn on Robert the Bruce’s command. Despite changing hands many times through the centuries the relic was tracked down and now resides at the Museum of Antiquities in Edinburgh.

The infamous Ragman’s Roll featured the first recording of the Dewar name Thomas and Piers de Deware both having swore to Edward I. Later in 1474 a charter of lands was granted to William Dewar. There were also mentions of Dewars in Stirling around 1483. From this branch rose the Dewar of Cambuskenneth branch. In 1710, John, son of Patrick Dewar of Cambuskenneth, was fined £50 for causing ‘blood and riot’.

William Dewar of that Ilk sold his lands of Dewar and moved to Carrington. It is from this family that the present chiefs descend.

The Dewars were commercially successful and purchased the barony and estate of Vogrie in 1719. David Dewar of Vogrie was Postmaster General of Leith and Edinburgh. The Vogrie estates were extremely fruitful, a flourishing Coal Mine was sited there in the mid 19th century as well as Scotland’s first gunpowder mill.

The Mansion house of Vogrie was built by Alexander, sixth Laird, although the estate has shrunk from 2,000 to around 250 acres the house still stands and the estates are now open to the public as Vogrie Country Park

The name Dewar is synonymous with whisky and this was due in no small part by the efforts of John Dewar. Born in 1856 he transformed the business and the industry and was created Baron Forteviot of Dupplin In 1917.

The present chief was recognised by the Lord Lyon in 1990.

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Gaelic Name: MacDhaibhidh
Motto: Sapienter si sincere, (Wisely if sincerely)
Badge: Red whortleberry
Origin of Name: Gaelic Daibhidh (David)
Pipe Music: Tulloch Castle

Septs of the Clan:

Associated Names (with spelling variations):

History

Before the 1300s the most powerful family Scotland had ever known were the Comyns, dominating the Grampians, Buchan and Moray. It was prudent for many families to associate themselves with the Comyns for protection and prosperity.

With their policies of pure self-interest they were the enemy of Robert the Bruce and in 1306 John, the ‘Red Comyn’, was slain by Bruce ‘at the altar rails’ in Dumfries. Bruce destroyed the family completely by 1308. This left many families without protective association.

Donald Dubh of Invernahaven, having married the daughter of the sixth chief of the MacKintoshes, took his family, the Clan Dhai, as the Davidsons were then known, into association with the MacKintoshes when William was their seventh chief. Dhai was the Gaelic name the family had inherited from their first leader David Dubh.

The MacKintoshes were part of the Clan Chattan confederation and so too became the Davidsons. There were jealousies within the confederation because of favouritism shown to the MacKintoshes by the Captain of Clan Chattan and the Davidsons invariably found themselves called into fights by numerous peers.

In the end the association the family entered, far from benefiting them, almost brought about their extinction.

When several branches of Clan Chattan grouped to fight the Camerons in 1370, the MacPhersons, because of an on-going dispute with the Davidsons, withdrew from the fight while in sight of the enemy, and the Camerons defeated those who stayed. The Davidsons suffered badly in the battle.

In 1396 the Davidsons and MacPhersons fought side by side at the clan battle on the North Inch of Perth. When the combat was over there were only eleven enemy alive and only one Davidson.

The strongest lines of the family became the Davidsons of Tulloch, in Ross-shire, and the Davidsons of Cantray, in Inverness. Tulloch Castle was built in 1466 and a branch of this family can be found in France, where the Livre d’Or shows six generations of nobility before 1629.

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Motto:
Origin of Name:
Gaelic: ‘Son of Oak’ or ‘Black Oak’.

Septs of the Clan:

Associated Names (with spelling variations):

History

The name Darroch is thought to either derive from the Gaelic ‘Macdara’ which means ‘son of oak’ or the Gaelic ‘Dubh Dara’ meaning ‘Black Oak’. The Coat of arms of the clan chief has three oak trees and there is evidence to suggest that an oak grove stood near where they first settled near Stirling.

Between 1406 and 1477 the Darroch appear on several records; John Darroch is recorded as a baillie of Stirling in 1406, another Darach de Cruce is recorded in 1445 and subsequent recordings of the name appear in records from 1450, 1462, 1471 and finally a witness on a charter in 1477 mentions Jacobus Darroch.

Most of these records relate to an early settlement of Darroch’s around Stirling. However the islands of Islay and Jura contained a large number of Darrochs where they were absorbed into the MacDonald Clan.

In the latter half of the 18th century. Duncan Darroch returned to Scotland having made his fortune in the West Indies. He acquired the barony of Gourock from the Stewarts of Castlemilk in 1784 and was granted arms by the Lyon and designated as Chief of McIliriech. He married the daughter of a wealthy Greenock merchant in 1791. One of his sons, Duncan rose to the rank of lieutenant general in the Glengarry Fencibles. His eldest son who was also named Duncan became the third Baron of Gourock and also married the daughter of a wealthy merchant, Laird of Fairlie in Ayrshire.

It was from this time that the family tradition of naming the Heir to the chiefship ‘Duncan’ was adopted.

The northern estates of Torridon in Ross-shire were acquired by the fourth Baron in 1873. The Clan was united in marriage to the Clan MacKintosh when Margaret Darroch of Gourock married Rear-Admiral Lachlan Mackintosh, chief of the clan. She later published a well respected history of the MacKintosh Clan.

The sixth Baron followed a military career, serving in the Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders over both world wars and was also a member of the Royal Company of Archers. His son is the present Chief.

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