The Scottish Clans

Motto: This is our Charter
Origin of Name: Placename, France

Associated Names and Septs (with spelling variations):
Charteris

History

Chartres the Northern French city famous for its Gothic cathedral is claimed as the origin of this name. One of the sons of a Lord of Chartres was believed to have come over to England during the Norman conquests and it is believed that one of his descendants traveled north to Scotland with David I, settling in the Borders. In a charter dated 1174 to the Abbey of Kelso there appears the name ‘de Carnoto’ which may be a Latin version of the name.

In 1280 Alexander III appointed Sir Thomas de Charteris as Lord High Chancellor of Scotland. Later in 1296 Andrew de Charteris’ name appears on the infamous Ragman’s Roll. however like many who swore allegiance to Edward I he turned to the cause of Scottish freedom. This cost him the family estates. Andrew’s son William continued in the family support for the cause of independence by supporting Robert the Bruce, indeed he was with Robert when he stabbed Comyn at the church of Minorite Friars in Dumfries in 1306. The loyalty to Scotland was further assured when Sir Thomas Charteris was appointed ambassador to England. Sir Thomas fell at the Battle of Durham in 1346.

Sir Robert Charteris, the eighth Laird was challenged to a duel in 1530 by Sir James Douglas of Drumlanrig. The contest was observed from the castle walls by the King who had to send men to separate the opponents such was the ferocity of the duel.

The chiefship has long been disputed by another branch of the family that settled in Perthshire. They came up against the powerful Ruthvens and when Patrick, Lord Ruthven, who was elected Provost of Perth was struck from office with John Charteris of Kinfauns was appointed in his place Charteris had to attack the city of Perth to gain entry. Charteris had to give up and the Ruthvens retained the title until 1584.

Sir John Charteris of Amisfield supported the Covenant but was not prepared to take arms against Charles I and was imprisoned at Edinburgh for two years. After this he joined up with the Marquis of Montrose fighting at Philiphaugh in 1645. His brother Alexander Charteris also followed Montrose and was captured and executed in Edinburgh in 1650. Alexander met his end at the hands of ‘the maiden’ Scotland’s own guillotine. This gruesome device is still on display in Edinburgh’s Museum of Antiquities

Colonel Francis Charteris was survived by a daughter who later married the Earl of Wemyss Her second son, Francis, inherited the estates and assumed the name and arms of Charteris.

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Motto: I hope to speed
Origin of Tartan: Placename, Renfrewshire

Associated Names and Septs (with spelling variations):

History

The River Cart runs through Renfrewshire and Glasgow’s South side. The name Cathcart is derived from this. The first records of the clan appear in 1178 when Rainaldus de Kethcart was witness to a charter by Walter Fitzalan to the Church of Kethcart for the monastery of Paisley in 1178. His son, William de Kethcart, was witness to another charter around 1200 and Alan de Cathcart sealed a charter of resignation to the Abbot of Paisley of lands at Culbeth in 1234.

His son, William de Cathcart, is listed on the Ragman Roll but he was succeeded by Sir Alan de Cathcart who supported Robert the Bruce. He fought alongside the Kings brother, Edward and had great success in a surprise attack on the English in Galloway during one of the many guerilla style raids during the wars of independence. Sir Alan’s close association with the family continued when he married the sister of Sir Duncan Wallace of Sundrum, who had married Eleanor Bruce, Countess of Carrick. His grandson, Sir Alan de Cathcart, obtained estates in Carrick. In 1447 he was later given the title, ‘Lord Cathcart’. The estate of Auchencruive in Ayrshire became the principal family seat until 1718.

The second Lord Cathcart was killed at the battle of Flodden in 1513 and the third Lord met a similar fate at the Battle of Pinkie in 1547. Alan the fourth Lord had strong protestant views and fought against Mary, Queen of Scots at Langside in 1568

Charles Cathcart, the eighth Lord, became a major in the Scots Grays In 1709 and later became colonel of the regiment. He fought against the Jacobites in the 1715 uprising at Sheriffmuir. Charles Cathcart eventually rose to the rank of Major General. The ninth Lord also opposed the Jacobites, was aide-de-camp to the Duke of Cumberland and fought at Culloden. He got the nickname ‘Patch Cathcart’ due to a patch he wore on his cheek to cover a battle scar. His son also followed a military career, rising to the rank of lieutenant general. He fought against Napoleon and scored a major victory against his forces in Denmark when along with Admiral Gambier he captured sixty Danish vessels in Copenhagen. For this he was made ‘Viscount Cathcart of Cathcart’ and ‘Baron Greenock’ and later first ‘Earl Cathcart’.

The military tradition continued with the second Earl who fought in the Peninsular War and Waterloo. He rose to command the army in Scotland and to govern Edinburgh Castle. The father of the current chief held the rank of major general.

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Motto: Dred God
Lands: Angus
Origin of Name: Placename, Angus

Associated Names and Septs (with spelling variations):
Balinhard Ballinhard Carinnegi Carnage Carnagie Carnagy Carneaggie Carneggie Carnegi Carnegie Carnegy Carnigy Carrinegy Carryneggi Kernagy Kornegay

History

The Carnegies took their name from the area around Carmyllie, Angus. The family who adopted this name however, were originally known under an earlier adopted placename of Balinhard which is also in Angus.

The Balinhards can be found in records from 1230. In 1358 John of Balinhard was granted the lands and barony of Carnegie by Walter de Maule. He became John the 1st of Carnegie and lived until 1370. John Carnegie of that Ilk was his successor and a direct family line ran from him until 1530.

It was in 1409 that Duthac of Carnegie acquired part of the lands of Kinnaird and an important Carnegie line developed in this area.

John of Kinnaird fought and died at Flodden in 1513. In 1547 his son Robert became a judge. He was taken prisoner during the Battle of Pinkie. When he was released he was knighted and made Scotland’s ambassador to France in 1556.

He was the first of the Carnegies to claim that his ancestors were the cup bearers to the Kings of Scotland. This royal office is remembered in the family arms which bear an ancient cup.

In 1616 Sir David Carnegie, 8th of Kinnaird, was made Lord Carnegie of Kinnaird. In 1633 he was created Earl of Southesk. The second Earl James was imprisoned by Cromwell for his Royalist beliefs. He was known as the ‘Black Earl’ because he learned magic at Padau.

Descending from a younger son of the 1st Earl of Southesk was Sir James Carnegie of Pittarrow, the distinguished soldier. In 1663 this line was created Baronets of Nova Scotia. During the Rising of 1715, Lord Southesk and Glengarry worked closely in the Jacobite Army.

The Carnegie tartan, based on the Glengarry tartan, was adopted in these times. The family seat today is at Kinnaird Castle in Angus.

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Motto: Tout Jour Prest (Always Ready)
Lands: Lanarkshire
Origin of Name: Location – Lanarkshire

Associated Names and Septs (with spelling variations):
Carmechele Carmichael Carmichaill Carmichel Carmichell Carmigell Carmighell Carmitely Carmychale Carmychall Carmychel Carmychell Cayrmichel Cayrmichell Kermychell

History

The name Carmichael is rooted in the soil of Scotland’s Southern Uplands, deriving from lands in Lanarkshire granted to Sir James Douglas in 1321. Sir John de Carmichael received the charter of these lands from William Earl of Douglas (sir James Nephew) towards the end of the 14th C as a reward for support of Douglas claim to throne of Scotland. In 1441 a barony was confirmed covering 14,000 acres.

One of the clan’s most heroic figures is undoubtedly Sir John de Carmichael of Meadowflat. Sir John was part of a Scottish army who fought alongside the French against Henry V of England. At the battle of Beauge in 1421 Sir John came face to face in combat with Duke of Clarence, Henry V’s Brother commanding English Army. Sir John broke his spear unseating Clarence from his horse which resulted in the demoralised English army fleeing the field. This act is commemorated by the broken lance on the clan crest.

Sir John’s daughter Catherine was a mistress of James V, He built the Castle of Crawfordjohn as a secret meeting place. The affair produced an illegitimate son who was half brother to the ill fated Mary Queen of Scots. By way of a contrast to Mary’s well known catholicism, another notable Carmichael; Peter Carmichael of Balmedie was implicated in the murder of Cardinal Beaton alongside John Knox – for his part in the murder he was sentenced to work on the galleys alongside Knox himself.

A later Sir John Carmichael was a strong ally of James VI, who knighted him during the Queen’s coronation. Appointed captain of King’s guard among many other honors, he met an unfortunate (but alas typical) fate. While arresting a number of Armstrongs during one of the many border disputes he was ambushed and murdered.

Carmichaels were on both sides during English Civil war. Lord Carmichael stood on side of Charles I but two of his sons fought for the parliamentarians while the other two were Royalists. The brothers were reunited tragically at the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644, where one of the royalist sons, John Carmichael was killed fighting against his own elder brothers, one of whom commanded the Clydesdale Regiment.

The sixth Earl died in 1817 without issue so the family titles became dormant. Carmichael-Anstruthers became proprieters untill 1980. The present Chief of the Clan is Richard Carmichael of Carmichel. 30th Chief of the Name and Arms and 26th Baron of the lands of Carmichael in Lanarkshire.

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Gaelic Name: Caimbeul
Motto: Be mindful
Badge: Wild myrtle, Fir club moss
Lands: Cawdor
Origin of Name: Gaelic Caimbeul, from cam (wry) and beul (mouth)
Pipe Music: Campbell of Cawdor’s Salute

Associated Names and Septs (with spelling variations):
Cadall Caddel Caddell Cadder Cadell Cadella Caldaile Caldell Calder Caldor Cambal Cambale Cambel Cambele Cambell Cambelle Camble Cammell Campbele Campbell Campbill Campble Cattal Cattall Cattell Cattle Cauder Caudle Caulder Cawdale Cawdor Chambelle Cowdale Kambail Kambaile Kambayl Kumpel O’Docharty Torie Torrie Torry

History

In 1492, John, 7th Thane of Cawdor, married the daughter of Kilravock, Isabel Rose. He died in 1494 while Isabel was pregnant. Kilravock decided that his new born grand-daughter should marry his own grandson, her first cousin, thereby keeping her inheritance in the Kilravock family.

He had, however, charges of theft pending at the time regarding crimes undertaken with MacKintosh upon the lands of Urquhart of Cromarty.

The Justice-General was Archibald, 2nd Earl of Argyll, and by 1495, having given Kilravock a cushioned time through the courts, obtained the wardship of Muriel, the infant heiress of Cawdor, from King James IV. She was taken to live in Inveraray in 1499, but not before, it is said, her mother scarred her with the brand of a glowing hot key, and her nursemaid had bitten off half a little finger, in case the Campells should attempt to install a surrogate heiress.

In the Autumn of that year, Campbell of Inverliver came to Inveraray with sixty men, claiming he was to convey little Muriel to school in the South. He took her and was then pursued by her uncles Alexander and Hugh Calder, who challenged him at Daltulich, in Strathnairn. In the fight that broke out, seven of Inverliver’s sons were killed.

Inverliver was asked if this was not a price too great, especially as the child might die. He is remembered for replying, ‘The lassie can never die sae lang as there is a red-headed lass on the shores of Loch Awe.’

In 1510 Muriel married Sir John Campbell, third son of Argyll. They lived in Cawdor from 1524 until he died in 1546. She relinquished her Thanedom to her grandson John and died in 1573.

The first Lord Cawdor was John, son of Pryce Campbell, the Member of Parliament, in 1796.

In 1797 1200 French troops attempted what would be the last ever invasion of Britain. They landed at Fishguard where Lord Cawdor, with only a few soldiers supported by a force of peasants, managed to capture the invaders.

His son John became the Cawdor’s 1st Earl.

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Gaelic Name: Caimbeul
Motto: Follow
Badge: Wild myrtle, Fir club moss
Lands: Breadalbane
Origin of Name: Gaelic Caimbeul, from cam (wry) and beul (mouth)
Pipe Music: Bodaich nam Brigisean (The Carles with the breeks)

Associated Names and Septs (with spelling variations):
Cambal Cambale Cambel Cambele Cambell Cambelle Camble Cammell Campbele Campbell Campbill Campble Chambelle Chombeich Chombich Combach Combich Connochie Connoquhie Conochie Fichar Fischair Fischar Fischare Fischear Fischer Fisher Fisser Garro Garroch Garrow Gerrow Kambail Kambaile Kambayl Kumpel MacArlich MacArliche MacAvery MacCairlich MacCairlie MacCairly MacCarlach MacCarlich MacCarliche MacCarlie MacCarlycht MacCherlich MacChombeich MacChombich MacChomich MacChonachy MacCombich MacComiche MacComick MacConachie MacConachy MacConaghy MacConche MacConchie MacConchy MacCondach MacCondachie MacCondachy MacCondie MacCondochie MacCondoquhy MacConechie MacConechy MacConiquhy MacConkey MacConnachie MacConnaghy MacConnchye MacConnechie MacConnechy MacConnichie MacConnochie MacConnoquhy MacConnquhy MacConochey MacConochie MacConoughey MacConquhie MacConquhy MacConquy MacCrom MacCron MacCrone MacCrum MacCrumb MacCrume MacCrumie MacDairmid MacDairmint MacDarmid MacDearmid MacDearmont MacDermaid MacDermand MacDerment MacDermid MacDermont MacDermot MacDermott MacDhiarmaid MacDhomhnuill MacDhonnachie MacDiarmid MacDiarmond MacDonach MacDonachie MacDonachy MacDonagh MacDonchy MacDonnach MacDonnchaidh MacDonochie MacDonough MacDonquhy MacDouagh MacGarrow MacHerlick MacHerloch MacHonichy MacIlchomich MacInechy MacIneskair MacInesker MacInisker MacInneskar MacInnesker MacKairlie MacKairly MacKarlich MacKchonchie MacKearlie MacKearly MacKerley MacKerlich MacKerliche MacKerlie MacKerloch MacKhonachy MacKinneskar MacKondachy MacKonochie MacKunuchie MacNeskar MacNesker MacOnachie MacOnachy MacOnchie MacOndochie MacOndoquhy MacOnechy MacOnochie MacOnohie MacOstrich MacOstrick MacTarmayt Makarlich Makchonachy Makconchie Makconoch Makerliche Makonoquhy Vconchie

History

The Campbells of Breadalbane are the leading family after the House of Argyll.

Sir Duncan Campbell, Knight of Lochow, 1st Lord Campbell, had a son Colin, known as ‘Black Colin of Glenorchy’, by his wife Lady Marjory Stewart. Sir Duncan gave his son Glenorchy, after throwing the MacGregors off it. Sir Colin married one of the daughters of Lord Lorn.

This union gained him a third of the Lorn estate. For his bravery during a Crusade to Palestine he became a Knight of Rhodes. In 1440 he built Kilchurn Castle for the family seat. The subsequent family were exceptional in their procurement of land and property, expanding into the lands of Finlarig, Glenlyon, and areas of Argyll and Perthshire.

Sir Colin of Glenorchy, in 1603, used foul play and aristocratic influences to bring on the proscription of the MacGregor family, clearing them off Glenstrae in front of Kilchurn.

In 1625, ‘Black Duncan’, 7th of Glenorchy, was created a baronet, and in 1681, Sir John, 11th of Glenorchy, who was described as “cunning as a fox, wise as a serpent, and slippery as an eel”, was created the 1st Earl of Breadalbane.

When William of Orange arrived in London as Sovereign in 1688, a party from Scotland went to him to offer the crown of Scotland. With Argyll administering the oath, William swore ‘to root out all heretics and enemies to the true worship of God that shall be convicted by the true Kirk of God of the aforesaid crimes, out of the lands and empire of Scotland.’

The Campbells already had the slaughter of their neighbours, the Catholic MacDonalds of Glencoe, in mind. Dalrymple of Stair persuaded King William to sign the order, while the 1st Earl of Breadalbane was given a purse of public money to buy off the other Highland chiefs, though a measure of coercion was also required. The Earl skillfully concealed from the courts his part in the slaughter, but the Breadalbane line has suffered ill luck since then.

The original family seat is a ruin and the more recent Taymouth Castle was sold off.

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Gaelic Name: Caimbeul
Motto: Na obliviscaris
Badge: Wild Myrtle, Fir Club Moss
Lands: Argyll
Origin of Name: Gaelic, Camshron from ‘Cam’ (wry) and ‘Beul’ (mouth)

Associated Names and Septs (with spelling variations):
Campbell

History

The name Campbell seems to come from the Gaelic Cam Beul, which translates as Crooked Mouth. The users of this name are known to have been around as a powerful family even in the time of the ancient kingdom of Dalriada, though the earliest Campbell to be found in written records is Gillespie of east-central Scotland, who had lands in this area granted to him in 1263.

Descent is claimed to be from the comely Ossianic fighter Dairmaid, and so the Campbells are called Clan Dairmaid. The Dalriadan lands in which they lived evolved into Argyll and Lorne.

In 1296 the Campbells were under the jurisdiction of the MacDougal Lords of Lorne. The MacDougals killed the Campbell chief and founder of the Argyll family, Sir Cailean Mor of Loch Awe. Since then, all Campbell chiefs have taken the patronymic of ‘MacCailean ‘.

When his son Sir Neil so greatly supported Robert the Bruce, a marriage with Bruce’s sister was allowed. Sir Neil had his revenge for his father’s murder when he was given, for his patriotism, extensive lands taken from the Lords of Lorne and others in Argyll who had been Bruce’s enemies, and the increases in Campbell power and supremacy accelerated from here.

The family home had been the strong castle covering an entire, small, Loch Awe island called Innis Chonaill. Behind it climbs the peaks of Cruachan Beann, the hills from which the Campbells took their war cry. The 1st Earl of Argyll, however, moved in 1474 to Inveraray on Loch Fyne. He was instrumental in destroying the power of his long-time rivals the MacDonalds, Lords of the Isles.

By the time of the 8th Earl the Campbells were aiding the Calvinists in their persecution of Highland Catholics. Then in 1644 Montrose arrived, and with the Catholics, MacLeans, MacDonalds and other victims of the Campbells behind him, turned the tables for a time.

At Inverlochy the following year, the clan suffered its greatest single defeat in history. William of Orange, brought in by 1688, restored the family estates and raised the 10th Earl to dukedom.

The present chief is the twenty-sixth, and the twelfth Duke of Argyll.

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Gaelic Name: Camshron
Motto: Aonaibh ri chéile (Unite)
Badge: Crowberry
Lands: Lochiel
Origin of Name: Gaelic Camshron from cam (wry) and sron (nose)

Associated Names and Septs (with spelling variations):
Lochiel

History

Described as ‘fiercer than fierceness itself’, the Clan Cameron is said to be one of the most ancient of Scottish clans. One theory for their inception is that they are descended from a son of the Danish King Camchron.

There were numerous names circulating in the 13th century which would appear to be the progenitors of the name Cameron, all evolving from the Gaelic terms for a crooked hill and a crooked nose. The more probable theory is that their first known chief, Donald Dubh, who may have been the 11th by 1411, was a descendant of either the MacGillonies or the family Cambrun of Ballegarno in mediaeval Fife.

He married an heiress of the MacMartins of Letterfinlay and his respected leadership and strengths enabled him to bring together the confederation of tribes which would, by the end of that century, be known as the Clan Cameron, and Lochaber their territory.

In 1528 King James V granted a charter whereby the ‘Captain of Clan Cameron’ had his lands erected into the barony of Lochiel. It is from this point that we had a Captain of Cameron of Lochiel.

Achnacarry Castle was built as the home of the Camerons of Lochiel by Sir Ewen, 17th of Lochiel. It was Sir Ewen who was such a thorn in Cromwell’s side, continually waging war against his troops. Finally, on Sir Ewen’s word to live peaceably, the Camerons were allowed to retain their arms.

Remembered as “The Gentle Lochiel”, Donald, 19th of Lochiel, displayed such bravery during “the ’45” that he is regarded as the noblest of the Highland Chiefs. He is said to have saved Glasgow from being ravaged by the occupying Jacobite army of 1745. His descendants, however, had none of his honour and they treated their clansmen inhumanely during the Highland clearances.

Families were evicted and their lands auctioned off to raise money for the complete rebuilding of Achnacarry Castle. In 1803, as the evictions began, Allan Cameron wrote: ‘Lochiel’s lands are in the papers to be let at Whitsuntide first, nothing but spurring and hauling, and, I am afraid, the tenantry have no chance… the grand castle at Achnacarry is going on with great speed.’

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Gaelic Name: Camshron
Badge: Oak
Lands: North Argyll
Origin of Name: Gaelic, Camshron from ‘Cam’ (wry) and ‘Sron’ (nose)
Pipe Music: Pibroch of Donald Dubh

Associated Names and Septs (with spelling variations):
Cameron

History

Ewen Cameron of Lochiel took as his second wife Marjory MacKintosh. Their son Ewen was the first of what would become the Camerons of Erracht. This was in the early 16th century and by 1745, Donald Cameron, 7th of Erracht, was second in command of the Camerons at Glenfinnan when Prince Charles raised his standard.

After the disastrous Culloden, Donald spent the following three years as a fugitive, wandering among the mountains, homeless. He died in 1780.

The relationship of the Erracht family and their relatives from Lochiel swung regularly between marriages and murders. Donald’s eldest son Sir Allan Cameron of Erracht was crippled trying to escape American rebels when fighting as a Loyalist from 1775 till 1778. He went on to raise the 79th Regiment in 1793, which by 1804 were known as the Cameron Highlanders.

As their Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant he led the 79th through bloody Flanders from 1794 to 1795 before a term in the West Indies. When the battalion was dismantled in 1797, 210 of the men joined the Black Watch.
A year later Colonel Cameron was asked to raise his battalion again and did so with 780 men. In 1804 he raised a second battalion with a further 800 men.

The tartan worn by the 79th Regiment was known as ‘Erracht Cameron Tartan’. It was designed by Marsali MacLean, Sir Allan’s mother, upon his request. She was the daughter of Ranald McDonnell of Keppoch. She based the design on a mixing of the McDonnell of Keppoch and Cameron tartans, using local Lochaber dyes.

In 1792 Erracht asked the Lyon Court to have him recognised as Clan Chief but this was rejected in 1795 and Lochiel declared the legitimate chief.

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